Maternal Neonatal Outcome in Relation to Placental Location, Dimensions in Early Pregnancy

Background: Placenta, which is the vital link between mother and fetus, is critical for maternal neonatal well‑being. Its study in early pregnancy may provide information about maternal neonatal disorders. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the relationship of placental location and dimensions in early pregnancy with maternal neonatal outcomes. Subjects and Methods: Primigravida (801) with singleton pregnancy at 10‑weeks gestation and no past/present medical and obstetric disorder had ultrasonography for placental location and dimensions and were followed by ultrasonographic (USG) examination (at 20th week and 30th week), clinically for maternal‑neonatal outcome. Statistical analysis was done by Epi 6 software (version 6.0, developed by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA) using Chi‑square test and Fischer exact test for determining the statistical significance of the observations. P values of < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The number of primigravida with hypertensive disorders were 2.5% (5/200) with anterior, 20.5% (66/322) with fundal, and with posterior placenta 9.8% (12/123); Placental abruption 2.5% (5/200) with anterior, 6.8% (22/322) with fundal, and 3.3% (4/123) with posterior. With placental surface area <41 cm2 19.0% (37/195), with area 41-55 cm2 7.2% (30/416), and with area >55 cm2 6.8% (13/190), had hypertensive disorders. area < 41 cm2 11.3% (22/195), area 41-55 cm2 5.0% (21/416), and area >55 cm2 3.7% (7/190) had placental abruption. With thick placenta, 39.2% (58/148), thin, 9.4% (9/96), and normal placenta, 5.2% (29/562) had hypertensive disorders. With thick, 11.5% (17/148), thin 16.7% (16/96), and normal placenta 2.7% (15/562) had placental abruption. With anterior 0.5% (1/200), posterior 14.6% (18/123), fundal placenta 10.55% had preterm births. With anterior 7.5% (15/200), posterior 23.6% (29/123), fundal placenta 18% (58/322) had CS.With placental surface area <41 cm2 28.7% (56/195), area 41-55 cm2 14.2% (58/406), with > 55 cm2 14% (28/200) had CS. With thin 27% (25/91), with thick 36.1% (53/148), with normal placenta none had CS for fetal distress. Conclusions: Study of placental location and dimensions in early pregnancy is useful in identifying risks.

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